Traditional Chinese Elixir Poisoning: From Mercury-Death Records to the Birth of Chemistry — A Documented History

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In short: Traditional Chinese Elixir Poisoning: From Mercury-Death Records to the Birth of Chemistry — A Documented History — From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, taking Jindan (outer elixir) was popular among emperors and scholar-bureaucrats for...

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From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, taking Jindan (outer elixir) was popular among emperors and scholar-bureaucrats for about 700 years. Poisoning records in medical records from the Sui and Tang Dynasties show that acute attacks include severe vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsions, and loss of consciousness; chronic symptoms include gum swelling, trembling hands, abnormal mood, and kidney failure. The poison spectrum can be classified into three categories: mercury compounds (cinnabar, shengdan) cause nerve and kidney damage; lead compounds (lead cadmium Pb3O4, mitosin PbO) cause anemia, abdominal cramps, and encephalopathy; arsenic compounds (realgar, arsenic) cause skin keratosis, peripheral neuritis, and multi-organ cancer. In addition, the synergistic toxicity of lead and mercury co-exposure is also common. …

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