Small-Scale Chinese Special bleach Production: Workshop Formula, Ratios & Method
In short: Small-Scale Chinese Special bleach Production: Workshop Formula, Ratios & Method. This entry documents a formula & ratios taken from Chinese practical-technology literature, written for small-scale makers and home producers. The text below is the full English translation of the original Chinese workshop notes, covering materials and quantities, the step-by-step sequence, and the practical cautions recorded in the source. Roughly 2402 words of English technical text, translated and preserved without editing. It is intended for experimental and reference use, not for regulated or commercial certification.
Special bleachBleaching water has a wide range of uses. In industry, bleaching and dyeing plants use the largest amount. A large household also always has bleach on hand to bleach some yellowing clothes. Use bleach to bleach colored clothing, preferably those that are not easy to discolor. Bleach water is not the same as bleaching powder. Using bleaching powder alone to bleach clothes will not have a bleaching effect.When doing the test, you can put some bleaching powder in the test tube, add five times the same weight of water, and then immerse a small piece of colored cloth into the test tube. You can observe that the color on the colored cloth does not change, which proves that the bleaching powder itself has no bleaching ability. If you add a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, the color on the cloth will disappear and the cloth has been bleached. Why does adding sulfuric acid to bleaching powder have a bleaching effect? Because bleaching powder is made of hydrated lime and chlorine, when it encounters dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid is produced; it is this "hypochlorous acid" that can play a bleaching role.Add dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to bleaching powder to make bleaching water. Although this method is simple, it is not economical. The best and most economical method is to use salt electrolysis to produce sodium hypochlorite, which is an ideal and cheap bleach.Table salt is sodium chloride. The sodium chloride is decomposed using electricity until its cathode completely becomes Cox's soda, and the cathode completely becomes chlorine gas. Sodium hypochlorite is a mixture of these two things.Dry chlorine has no bleaching effect. When there is moisture, the chlorine gradually changes with the water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid. The hypochlorous acid then decomposes to produce nascent oxygen. Only this "nascent oxygen" has the ability to bleach. Primary chlorine (O) is oxygen that has not yet polymerized into molecules. It can not only bleach but also sterilize, so "chlorine water" is also a kind of bleaching water. …
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